Carbon nanotubes/​nanofibers composites from cellulose for supercapacitors

One-dimen­sion­al car­bon nanos­truc­tures have been known and fab­ri­cat­ed for more than a hun­dred years and were orig­i­nal­ly rWe describe a fast and cost-effec­tive process for the growth of car­bon nanofibers (CNFs) at a tem­per­a­ture com­pat­i­ble with com­ple­men­tary met­al oxide semi­con­duc­tor tech­nol­o­gy, using high­ly sta­ble polymer–Pd nanohy­brid col­loidal solu­tions of Cel­lu­lose-based car­bon nanofibers (CNFs) with high mechan­i­cal strength and elec­tro­chem­i­cal sta­bil­i­ty were nitro­gen-doped and func­tion­al­ized with car­bon nan­otubes (CNTs) via two dif­fer­ent meth­ods. The diam­e­ter of incor­po­rat­ed CNTs was in the range of 1–20 nm. The dop­ing with nitro­gen atoms and incor­po­ra­tion of CNTs into the CNFs improved con­duc­tiv­i­ty, while CNTs also increased sur­face area of the pro­duced mate­r­i­al. As a result, the com­pos­ite mate­ri­als with capac­i­tance val­ues up to 241 F/​g were obtained.